Can brominated flame retardants affect cell energy systems?

What is actually in it

Brominated flame retardants include PBDEs, HBCDs, TBBPA, and newer replacements such as DBDPE. They have been used in some foam furniture, electronics, and other consumer products.

These chemicals can move into household dust. Dust matters because babies and young kids spend time on floors and put hands in their mouths.

What the research says

A 2026 review in Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods summarized how brominated flame retardants affect mitochondria, the parts of cells that make energy.

The review found repeated patterns across toxicology studies: impaired electron transport, uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, mitochondrial membrane changes, and increased oxidative stress. It also noted that some breakdown products, such as hydroxylated PBDEs, can be more toxic than the parent compounds.

This is not proof that one couch causes a disease. It is a strong reason to lower dust and be careful with old foam. Wet dust often, use a HEPA vacuum if you have one, repair torn foam, and choose wool, cotton, wood, or other natural materials when replacing home textiles.